Physics
Comprehensive Physics materials covering detailed notes, important derivations, solved questions, and practical guides to strengthen concepts and boost exam readiness.
Physics
NEW SYLLABUS (NEB)
Teaching Hours: 150T + 50P
Nature of Course: Theory + Practical
Chapter 1. Rotational Dynamics
1.1 Equation of angular motion, Relation between linear and angular kinematics
1.2 Kinetic energy of rotation of rigid body
1.3 Moment of inertia; Radius of gyration
1.4 Moment of inertia of a uniform rod
1.5 Torque and angular acceleration for a rigid body
1.6 Work and power in rotational motion
1.7 Angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum
Mechanics
Chapter 2. Periodic Motion
2.1 Equation of simple harmonic motion (SHM)
2.2 Energy in SHM
2.3 Application of SHM: vertical oscillation of mass suspended from coiled spring
2.4 Angular SHM, simple pendulum
2.5 Oscillatory motion: Damped oscillation, Forced oscillation and resonance.
Chapter 3. Fluid Statics
3.1 Fluid statics: Pressure in a fluid: Buoyancy
3.2 Surface tension: Theory of surface tension; Surface energy
3.3 Angle of contact, capillarity and its applications
3.4 Fluid Dynamics: Newton’s formula for viscosity in a liquid; Coefficient of viscosity
3.5 Poiseuille’s formula and its application
3.6 Stokes law and its applications
3.7 Equation of continuity and its applications
3.8 Bemoulli’s equation and its applications.
Chapter 4. First Law of Thermodynamics
4.1 Thermodynamic systerns
4.2 Work done during volume change
4.3 Heat and work; Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics
4.4 Thermodynamic processes: Adiabatic, isochoric, isothermal and isobaric
4.5 Heat capacities of an ideal gas at constant pressure and volume and relation between them
4.6 Isothermal and Adiabatic processes for an idealgas.
Heat and Thermodynamics
Chapter 5. Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.1 Thermodynamic systems and direction of thermodynamic processes
5.2 Second law of thermodynamics
5.3 Heat engines
5.4 Internal combustion engines: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle; Carnot cycle
5.5 Refrigerator
5.6 Entropy and disorder (introduction only)
Chapter 6. Wave Motion
6.1 Progressive waves.
6.2 Mathematical description of a wave
6.3 Stationary waves
Waves and Optics
Chapter 7. Mechanical Wave
7.1 Speed of wave motion; Velocity of sound in solid and liquid
7.2 Velocity of sound in gas
7.3 Laplace’s correction
7.4 Effect of temperature, pressure, humidity on velocity of sound.
Chapter 8. Wave in Pipes and Strings
8.1 Stationary waves in closed and open pipes
8.2 Harmonics and overtones in closed and open organ pipes
8.3 End correction in pipes
8.4 Velocity of transverse waves along a stretched string
8.5 Vibration of string and overtones
8.6 Laws of vibration of fixed string.
Chapter 9. Acoustic Phenomena
9.1 Sound waves: Pressure amplitude
9.2 Characteristics of sound: Intensity; loudness, quality and pitch
9.3 Doppler’s effect.
Chapter 10. Nature and Propagation of Light
10.1 Huygen’s principle
10.2 Reflection and Refraction according to wave theory
Chapter 11. Interference
11.1 Phenomenon of Interferences: Coherent sources
11.2 Young’s double slit experiment.
Chapter 12. Diffraction
12.1 Diffraction from a single slit
12.2 Diffraction pattern of image; Diffraction grating
12.3 Resolving power of optical instruments.
Chapter 13. Polarization
13.1 Phenomenon of polarization
13.2 Brewster’s law; transverse nature of light
13.3 Polaroid.
Chapter 14. Electrical Circuits
14. Electrical circuits
14.1 Kirchhoff’s law
14.2 Wheatstone bridge circuit; Meter bridge
14.3 Potentiometer. Comparison of e.m.f., measurement of internal resistances of a cell
14.4 Super conductors: Perfect conductors
14.5 Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter, Ohmmeter
14.6 Joule’s law
Electricity and Magnetism
Chapter 15. Thermoelectric Effects
15.1 Seebeck effect, Thermocouples
15.2 Peltier effect. Variation of thermoelectric e.m.f. with temperature; Thermopile
Chapter 16. Magnetic Field
16.1 Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux: Oersted’s experiment
16.2 Force on moving charge; Force on a conductor
16.3 Force and Torque on rectangular coil, Moving coil galvanometer
16.4 Hall effect
16.5 Magnetic field of a moving charge
16.6 Biot and Savart law and its application to (i) a circular coil (ii) a long straight conductor (iii) a long solenoid
16.7 Ampere’s law and its applications to (1) a long straight conductor (ii) a straight solenoid (ii) s toroidal solenoid
16.8 Force between two parallel conductors carrying current-definition of ampere
Chapter 17. Magnetic Properties of Materials
17.1 Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux
17.2 Flux density in magnetic material; Relative permeability; Susceptibility
17.3 Hysteresis
17.4 Dia,-para-and ferro-magnetic materials
Chapter 18. Electromagnetic Induction
18.1 Faraday’s laws; Induced electric fields
18.2 Lenz’s law, Motional electromotive force
18.3 AC generators; Eddy currents
18.4 Self-inductance and mutual inductance
18.5 Energy stored in an inductor
18.6 Transformer
Chapter 19. Alternating Currents
19.1 Peak and rms value of AC current and voltage
19.2 AC through a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor
19.3 Phasor diagram
19.4 Series circuits containing combination of resistance, capacitance and inductance
19.5 Series resonance, quality factor
19.6 Power in AC circuits: power factor
Chapter 20. Electrons
20.1 Milikan’s oil drop experiment,
20.2 Motion of electron beäm in electric and magnetic fields
20.3 Thomson’s experiment to determine specific charge of electrons
Modern Physics
Chapter 21. Photons
21.1 Quantum nature of radiation –
21.2 Einstein’s photoelectric equation; Stopping potential
21.3 Measurement of Plank’s constant
Chapter 22. Semiconductor Devices
22.1 P-N Junction
22.2 Semiconductor diode: Characteristics in forward and reverse bias
22.3 Full wave rectification.
22.4 Logic gates; NOT, OR, AND, NAND and NOR.
Chapter 23. Quantization of Energy
23.1 Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom
23.2 Spectral series, Excitation and ionization potentials
23.3 Energy level, Emission and absorption spectra
23.4 De Broglie Theory: Duality
23.6, X-rays: Nature and production uses
23.5 Uncertainly principle
23.7 X-rays diffraction, Bragg’s law
Chapter 24. Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy
24.1 Alpha-particles; Beta-particles, Gamma rays
24.2 Laws of radioactive disintegration
24.3 Half-life, mean-life and decay constant
24.4 Geiger-Muller Tube
24.6 Medical use of nuclear radiation and possible health hazard
24.5 Carbon dating
Chapter 25. Recent Trends in Physics
Seismology:
25.1 Surface waves: Rayleigh and Love waves
Internal waves: S and P-waves Wave patterns of Gorkha Earthquake 2015
25.2 Gravitational Wave Nanotechnology Higgs Boson